Proof of stake
In short
In proof of stake, owners rather than computing power secure the network: those who lock coins as collateral ("stake") may confirm blocks — and lose the collateral if they cheat.
Ethereum switched to proof of stake in 2022, cutting energy use by over 99%. Which scheme is safer long-term remains debated.
What is "slashing"?
Proof of stake's penalty: validators who cheat or fail badly lose part of their stake.
Related terms
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